“Isisekelo Esithembekile” Sezinkundla Zikawoyela Zasogwini: Zama-Lattice Boom Cranes

Olwandle olukhulu, ogwini lolwandleAmapulatifomu kawoyela ami njengeziqhingi zensimbi, ethwele umthwalo onzima wokuhlola nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi. Kulezi ziqhingi ezikude, kukhona umshini owaziwa ngokuthi "indlu yamandla yasogwini" - i-latticeI-Boom Crane. Ingenye yamadivayisi okukhiqiza nokuphepha abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kukawoyela olwandle, inesibopho sayo yonke imisebenzi yokuphakamisa epulatifomu kanye nokudluliselwa kwezinto zokwakha nabasebenzi phakathi kwepulatifomu nemikhumbi yokusekela. Lesi sihloko sinikeza isingeniso esihlelekile ezicini zesakhiwo, izinzuzo eziyinhloko, izimo zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokucatshangelwa kokukhetha okubalulekile kwama-crane e-lattice boom.

I. Iyini i-Lattice Boom Crane?

I-lattice boom crane, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lattice-boom crane, ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zesakhiwo sama-crane asepulatifomu asogwini. I-boom yayo isebenzisa isakhiwo se-lattice - esakhiwe ngamapayipi amaningi ensimbi noma izingxenye zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ngokushisela noma ukubhoboza, okwenza uhlaka lwegridi evulekile. Lo mklamo wesakhiwo oyingqayizivele uyinika isikhundla esingenakufakwa esikhundleni emkhakheni wobunjiniyela basogwini.

Ama-crane epulatifomu angaphandle angahlukaniswa kakhulu ngama-telescopic boom, i-lattice boom, kanyeI-Knuckle Boomizinhlobo ezisekelwe esimweni sesakhiwo. Phakathi kwalezi, uhlobo lwe-lattice boom, olunamandla aphezulu okuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza obukhulu kakhulu, selube yisinqumo esithandwayo sokuphakamisa izinto ezinkulu ezisekelweni zikawoyela ogwini lolwandle.

II. Ukwakheka Kwesakhiwo Sama-Lattice Boom Cranes

I-crane ejwayelekile yeplatifomu ye-lattice boom offshore iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

Ipulatifomu yokuthunga: Iyunithi eyisisekelo ye-crane, egcina indlu yemishini, ikhabhini yomqhubi, uhlaka lwe-A, kanye ne-luffing winch, phakathi kwezinye izingxenye eziyinhloko.

I-Lattice boom: Ihlanganisa unyawo lwe-boom (olunezindawo zokubopha ama-winch amakhulu kanye nama-winch asekelayo) kanye nekhanda le-boom (elihlonyiswe ngama-winch asekelayo nama-block ama-hook). I-boom isebenzisa isakhiwo esivulekile se-lattice, inciphisa kakhulu isisindo sakho ngenkathi igcina amandla.

I-adaptha ye-Pedestal: Isebenza njengesixhumi sokufakwa kwamakhasimende, ilawula indawo ye-slip ring assembly ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okunembile kwe-bearing enobubanzi obukhulu.

Uhlelo lwamandla: Lungaqhutshwa nge-diesel-hydraulic noma nge-electric-hydraulic. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela nezixazululo zokushayela ngogesi ngokugcwele, okufeza ukusebenza okungenawo uwoyela, okunamandla aphansi, nobungani nemvelo.

Ikhabhini yomqhubi: Ifakwe izinto zokuvimbela umsindo, ama-wiper e-windscreen, kanye ne-air conditioner ukuqinisekisa induduzo nokuphepha komqhubi ezimweni ezinomsindo omkhulu kanye nesimo sezulu esibi.

Uhlelo lokulawula: Luhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlakaniphile njengokuqapha ngokweqile, ukulwa nokushayisana, kanye nokuhlola okukude.

III. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zama-Lattice Boom Cranes

Ukubusa kwama-crane e-lattice boom kumapulatifomu kawoyela asogwini lolwandle kuvela ezinzuzweni zawo zokusebenza eziyingqayizivele:

1. Isisindo esincane, ukuqina okuhle, kanye nomthamo wokuphakamisa oqinile

Umklamo wegridi evulekile yesakhiwo se-lattice unikeza ukuqina okuphezulu kwesakhiwo kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-boom ohlobo lwebhokisi. Ama-lattice booms alula kakhulu kumandla okuphakamisa alinganayo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ogwini lapho imithwalo yedekhi yesikhulumi ibucayi kakhulu.

2. Ububanzi bokusebenza kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu kokuphakamisa

Ama-lattice booms angafinyelela ama-radii okusebenza kanye nokuphakama kokuphakamisa okungaphezu kakhulu kwalawo ezinhlobo zama-boom. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile inikeza ama-radii okusebenza aphezulu angamamitha angu-50 noma ngisho nangaphezu kwamamitha angu-70, amboza kalula wonke amakhona edekhi yesikhulumi kanye nezindawo zokuphakamisa phakathi kwesikhulumi kanye nemikhumbi yokuhambisa.

3. Ukumelana nomoya okuphezulu

Isakhiwo se-lattice sinomkhawulo wokudonsa ophansi kakhulu kunezakhiwo zohlobo lwebhokisi, okwenza singathinteki kakhulu yimimoya enamandla yasogwini. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ebalulekile yokuphepha kwamapulatifomu kawoyela asogwini abhekene nezinselele zonyaka wonke ezivela ezivunguvungwini nasezimonyoni.

4. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezizungezile zasolwandle eziyingozi kakhulu

Kusukela emanzini ashisayo nanomswakama asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya e-Arctic ebandayo, ama-crane e-lattice boom, anemiklamo yawo ekhethekile nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, angasebenza kahle ezimweni zezulu nezasolwandle ezahlukahlukene. Zonke izingxenye zemishini zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwezingxenyana ezivalekile, zivikela ngempumelelo ekugqwaleni kwe-salt-spray yolwandle.

5. Ukulungiswa okulula kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo

Zonke izingxenye ezihambayo zigcotshwa ngamafutha noma ngamafutha, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuguguleka kwezingxenye futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini. I-slewing bearing ingafakelwa ngokuzithandela idivayisi yokugcotshwa ezenzakalelayo kanye namadivayisi okujikijela endaweni, okuvumela abasebenzi bokulungisa ukuthi bashintshe ngokushesha izingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphandle kwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.

IV. Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Ajwayelekile kanye Nemininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yama-crane asogwini lwe-lattice boom ihlanganisa ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu. Uma sibheka imikhiqizo evamile emakethe njengezibonelo:

• Umthamo wokuphakamisa: Umthwalo Wokusebenza Ophephile (i-SWL) usukela kumathani angu-20 kuya ku-300, kanti amanye amamodeli amakhulu kakhulu afinyelela amathani angu-1,200.
• Irediyasi yokusebenza: Ubukhulu obuphezulu bungafinyelela kumamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-70.
• I-winch yokusiza: Ngokuvamile ifakwe, inomthamo wokuphakamisa ofinyelela kumathani angu-30 e-SWL, okwandisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.
• Ukucushwa kwamandla: Idrayivu kadizili-hydraulic noma kagesi-hydraulic ongayikhetha; abanye abakhiqizi bethule izixazululo zedrayivu kagesi ephelele ye-VFD.

Uma sibheka i-lattice boom crane ye-MAXTECH engamathani ayi-10 njengesibonelo, amapharamitha ayo abalulekile obuchwepheshe afaka: i-SWL yamathani ayi-10, isivinini sokuphakamisa esingu-2–14 m/min, isivinini sokupholisa esingu-0.2–14 m/min, isivinini sokushaya esingu-0.3 rpm, i-radius ephezulu yamamitha angu-30, i-radius encane yamamitha angu-8, kanye namandla enjini angu-110 kW. Uchungechunge lwe-lattice boom crane ye-MAXTECH lwenzelwe ngqo amapulatifomu antantayo noma aqinile ogwini lolwandle, anamandla okuphakamisa asukela kumathani angu-50 kuya kwangu-300 e-SWL.

V. Izimo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza

Ama-crane e-lattice boom asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kumapulatifomu kawoyela asogwini:

Ukufakwa nokufakwa kwemishini emikhulu: Ukufakwa nokufakwa kwemishini emikhulu ngezikhathi ezithile kumapulatifomu kawoyela, njengamamojula okubhoboza, amajeneretha, ama-separator, nama-compressor, kudinga amakhono okuphakamisa amakhulu, afinyelela kude - imisebenzi lapho ama-crane e-lattice boom ewukuphela kwesinqumo esisebenzayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwepulatifomu kanye nokuphakamisa amamojula: Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamapulatifomu kawoyela asogwini lolwandle, ama-crane e-lattice boom anesibopho sokuphakamisa amamojula amakhulu epulatifomu kusukela emikhunjini yokuthutha ukuya ezindaweni zawo zokufaka. Amanye ama-crane e-lattice boom amakhulu kakhulu angafinyelela ngisho "ekwakhiweni kwamapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle" - ukuhlanganisa yonke ipulatifomu emhlabeni bese uyiphakamisa emanzini njengeyunithi ephelele.

Ukunikezwa kwezinto zansuku zonke epulatifomu: Imikhumbi yokuthumela impahla ivame ukuletha ukudla, imishini, amapayipi, nezinye izinto epulatifomu. Ama-crane e-lattice boom asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa lezi zinto zisuka epulatifomu yokuthumela impahla ziye epulatifomu yokuthumela impahla.

Ukudluliselwa kwabasebenzi: Uma abasebenzi bedinga ukudluliselwa ngokuphephile besuka emikhunjini beya epulatifomu, umsebenzi wokuphakamisa abasebenzi wama-lattice boom cranes unikeza ikhambi elithembekile.

Ukulungiswa kwamapayipi kanye nemishini: Imisebenzi efana nokushintsha amapayipi kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini epulatifomu ivame ukudinga ukuphakamisa izingxenye noma amathuluzi asele kusuka epulatifomu kuya endaweni yokusebenza. Ukumbozwa okukhulu kwama-crane e-lattice boom kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezimweni ezinjalo.

VI. Izindinganiso Zokuklama Nokukhiqiza

Ukuklanywa, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-lattice boom cranes amapulatifomu kawoyela asogwini kumele kuhambisane ngokuqinile nezindinganiso kanye nezincazelo ezamukelwa emhlabeni wonke:

I-API Spec 2C (Imininingwane Yama-Crane Afakwe Ezinyaweni Zasogwini): Ikhishwe yi-American Petroleum Institute, lena indinganiso enegunya kakhulu emkhakheni wama-crane angaphandle, enikeza izidingo eziningiliziwe zokuklama, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-crane afakwe ezinyaweni.

I-EN 13852-1: Izinga elijwayelekile laseYurophu lama-crane asogwini.

Isitifiketi senhlangano yokuhlela: Imikhiqizo ngokuvamile idinga imvume evela ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zokuhlela ezifana ne-ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), i-CCS (China Classification Society), i-BV (Bureau Veritas), kanye ne-DNV (Det Norske Veritas).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-crane asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingase ziqhume, izimfuneko zesitifiketi sokuvikela ukuqhuma kwe-ATEX nazo kumele zihlangatshezwe.

VII. Abakhiqizi Abakhulu kanye Nokumaketha Kwemakethe

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-crane epulatifomu e-lattice boom ogwini ilawulwa yizinkampani eziningana ezidumile emhlabeni jikelele:

I-Liebherr: Ama-crane ayo e-BOS series lattice boom anikeza amandla okuphakamisa aphezulu angafika kumathani ayi-150 kanye nama-radii okusebenza angafika kumamitha angu-72, anomklamo wokufaka intambo yocingo lwe-A-frame futhi atholakala kokubili ngezinketho zokushayela nge-diesel-hydraulic kanye ne-electric-hydraulic.

I-PALFINGER: Ama-crane ayo e-lattice boom asebenzisa intambo yocingo anikeza izikhathi zokuphakamisa kusukela ku-4,000 kuya ku-30,000 kNm, anamandla okuphakamisa afinyelela kumathani ayi-100 kanye ne-radii esebenza afinyelela kumamitha angu-70. Isixazululo sayo se-VFD drive sikagesi ogcwele sifinyelela ukusebenza okungenawo uwoyela, amandla aphansi, kanye nobungani nemvelo.

I-MacGregor: Uchungechunge lwayo lwe-lattice boom crane (LBC) lwenzelwe ngqo amapulatifomu antantayo noma aqinile, anamandla okuphakamisa asukela kumathani angu-50 kuya kwangu-300 e-SWL kanye ne-radii yokusebenza ephezulu yamamitha angu-50.

I-MAXTECH: Njengomkhiqizi odumile waseShayina wemishini yasolwandle neyechweba, uchungechunge lwe-MAXTECH lwe-lattice boom crane (LBC) luphinde lwenzelwe ngqo amapulatifomu antantayo noma aqinile ogwini lolwandle. Ngokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nomklamo omusha, lolu chungechunge selube yisinqumo esifanele sokuphathwa kwempahla ogwini lolwandle. Imikhiqizo ye-MAXTECH inezitifiketi eziningi zomphakathi wokuhlukanisa amazwe omhlaba ezifaka phakathi i-ABS, i-BV, i-CCS, i-DNV, i-KR, kanye ne-RS, futhi ikhonza amakhasimende emhlabeni wonke.

VIII. Izincomo Zokukhetha

Uma ukhetha i-lattice boom crane yesikhulumi sikawoyela sasogwini, izici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile kufanele zicatshangelwe:

1. Chaza izidingo zokuphakamisa: Nquma amandla e-hook ayinhloko kanye nalawo asekelayo ngokusekelwe esisindweni esiphezulu sengxenye eyodwa, irediyasi yokusebenza, kanye nokuphakama kokuphakamisa okudingekayo emisebenzini yokuphakamisa yansuku zonke yepulatifomu.
2. Hlola izimo zemvelo: Cabanga ngezimo zomoya namagagasi, isilinganiso sokugqwala kwe-salt-spray, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ezingamelani nokuqhuma endaweni yolwandle lapho ipulatifomu ikhona khona.
3. Qinisekisa amazinga okuhambisana nomthetho: Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zezincazelo ezifana ne-API Spec 2C futhi uthole izitifiketi ezifanele zenhlangano yokuhlukanisa.
4. Khetha ikhambi likagesi: Khetha phakathi kwezinketho ze-diesel-hydraulic, electric-hydraulic, noma ezisebenza ngogesi ngokugcwele ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokunikezwa kwamandla epulatifomu.
5. Hlola isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa: Uhlobo oluhlukile lwemisebenzi yasogwini ludinga ukuthi abahlinzeki babe namakhono okuphendula ngokushesha kanye nenethiwekhi yesevisi yomhlaba wonke.

Ngezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele zokuzithwala okulula, ukuqina okuhle, amandla okuphakamisa aqinile, ububanzi bokusebenza, kanye nokumelana nomoya okuphezulu, i-lattice boom crane isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yemishini ezisekelweni zikawoyela zasogwini. Kusukela ekunamatheleni ngokuqinile ezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-API Spec 2C kuya ekumbozweni kwamandla okuphakamisa asukela kumathani angu-50 kuya kwangu-300 nangaphezulu - i-lattice boom crane isalokhu "iyindawo enamandla" ethembeke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela negesi zasogwini.

Njengoba ukuhlola uwoyela negesi ogwini lolwandle emhlabeni wonke kungena emanzini ajulile kanye nemikhakha ekhulayo njengamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle ithuthuka ngokushesha, ama-crane e-lattice boom azoqhubeka nokudlala indima engenakuphikwa ekusetshenzisweni kokuphakamisa okunamathani amakhulu, okufinyelela isikhathi eside, enikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla olwandle.