"Nheyo Yakavimbika" yeMapuratifomu eOiri eOffshore: yeLattice Boom Cranes

Mugungwa guru, mhiri kwegungwaNzvimbo dzemafuta dzakamira sezvitsuwa zvesimbi, dzine mutoro mukuru wekutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta negasi. Pazvitsuwa izvi zviri kure, pane mudziyo unozivikanwa se "nzvimbo yemagetsi iri kunze kwegungwa" - latticeKireni yeBoomNdiyo imwe yemidziyo yakakosha yekugadzira nekuchengetedza mumabasa emafuta ekunze, ine basa rekuita mabasa ese ekusimudza papuratifomu pamwe nekutamisa zvinhu nevashandi pakati pepuratifomu nengarava dzinotsigira. Chinyorwa chino chinopa sumo yakarongeka kune hunhu hwemaumbirwo, zvakanakira zvikuru, mamiriro ekushandiswa, uye pfungwa huru dzekusarudza macrane elattice boom.

I. Chii chinonzi Lattice Boom Crane?

Crane yeLattice Boom, inozivikanwawo seLattice-Boom Crane, ndeimwe yemhando huru dzecrane dzekunze kwenyika. Boom yayo inoshandisa chimiro cheLattice - chakavakwa nemachubhu esimbi akawanda kana zvikamu zvesimbi zvakabatana nekukwevera kana kuputira, zvichigadzira framework yegrid yakavhurika. Dhizaini iyi yakasiyana yechivakwa inoita kuti ive nenzvimbo isingatsiviwi mumunda weinjiniya wekunze kwenyika.

Macrane epuratifomu ekunze kwegungwa anogona kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakaita se telescopic boom, lattice boom, uyeKuputika kweKnucklemhando dzakavakirwa pachimiro chechimiro. Pakati peizvi, mhando yelattice boom, ine kugona kwayo kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema uye nzvimbo yayo yekushanda yakakura kwazvo, ndiyo yave sarudzo inofarirwa yekusimudza zvinhu zvinorema pamapuratifomu emafuta ari kunze kwenyika.

II. Kuumbwa kweLattice Boom Cranes muMagadzirirwo eMagetsi

Kreni yepuratifomu inogadzirwa nelattice boom offshore ine zvikamu zvinotevera:

Puratifomu yekusvira: Chikamu chepasi chekireni, chinochengeta imba yemuchina, imba yemushandisi, furemu yeA, uye winch inonyungudutsa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvepakati.

Lattice boom: Inosanganisira boom foot (inogara main hook winches neassistant hook) uye boom head (yakashongedzwa neassistant hooks nema hook blocks). Boom inoshandisa lattice open structure, ichideredza zvakanyanya uremu hwemuviri uku ichichengetedza simba.

Adapta yePedestal: Inoshanda senzvimbo yekuisa mutengi, ichidzora nzvimbo yeslip ring assembly kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bearing yakakura inokodzera zvakakwana.

Sisitimu yemagetsi: Inogona kushandiswa nedhiziri kana kuti nemagetsi. Mumakore achangopfuura, mhinduro dzemagetsi dzakabudawo, zvichiita kuti ishande isina mafuta, ine simba shoma, uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda.

Kabhini yemushandisi: Yakashongedzerwa nekudzivirira ruzha, mawiper epamberi pemahwindo, uye mhepo inotonhodza kuti mushandisi anzwe akasununguka uye akachengeteka mumamiriro ekunze ane ruzha rwakanyanya uye akaoma.

Sisitimu yekudzora: Inobatanidza mabasa akangwara akadai sekutarisa zvakanyanya, kudzivirira kuputika, uye kuongorora zviri kure.

III. Mabhenefiti Akakosha eLattice Boom Cranes

Kutonga kwemakrani elattice boom pamapuratifomu emafuta ekunze kunobva mukunaka kwawo kwakasiyana kwekushanda:

1. Kuzviremera zvishoma, kuomarara kwakanaka, uye kugona kusimudza kwakasimba

Dhizaini yegrid yakavhurika yelattice structure inopa kusimba kwakanyanya kwechimiro uye kugona kutakura mutoro nekushandiswa kwakafanana kwezvinhu zvichienzaniswa nemaboom emhando yebhokisi. Maboom elattice akareruka pahukuru hwakaenzana hwekusimudza, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kunze kwenyika uko mitoro yemapuratifomu inobatwa zvakanyanya.

2. Nzvimbo yakakura yekushanda uye kukwirira kwepamusoro kwekusimudza

Maboom eLattice anogona kusvika pakukwirira kwekushanda nekukwirira kwekusimudza kupfuura kwemamwe marudzi eboom. Zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvinopa radii yepamusoro yekushanda yemamita makumi mashanu kana kutopfuura mamita makumi manomwe, zvichifukidza zviri nyore kona yega yega yedeki repuratifomu nenzvimbo dzekusimudza dziri pakati pepuratifomu nengarava dzinotakura zvinhu.

3. Kudzivirira mhepo kwakanyanya

Chimiro chelattice chine mwero wekudhonza wakaderera zvikuru pane zvivakwa zvemhando yebhokisi, zvichiita kuti chisanyanya kukanganiswa nemhepo ine simba iri mugungwa. Iyi ibhenefiti yakakosha yekuchengetedza mapuratifomu emafuta ari mugungwa anotarisana nematambudziko egore rose kubva kumadutu nemamonsoon.

4. Kugona kuchinjika kunzvimbo dzakanyanya dzemugungwa

Kubva mumvura inopisa uye ine hunyoro kusvika kuArctic inotonhora, macrane elattice boom, ane magadzirirwo awo akakosha nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, anogona kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana uye emugungwa. Zvese zvikamu zvemakanika zviri mukati memakesi akavharwa, zvichidzivirira zvinobudirira kubva mukuora kwemvura inopfurwa nemunyu.

5. Kugadzirisa kuri nyore uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa

Zvikamu zvese zvinofamba zvinozorwa mafuta kana mafuta, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kupfeka kwezvikamu uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo. Bearing yekusveta inogona kunge yakashongedzwa nechishandiso chekuzora otomatiki uye zvishandiso zvekutsiva panzvimbo yacho, zvichibvumira vashandi vekugadzirisa kuti vakurumidze kutsiva zvikamu zvakakosha pasina kushanda kwakaoma.

IV. Magadzirirwo Ehunyanzvi Akajairika uye Magadzirirwo Echigadzirwa

Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi elattice boom offshore cranes anofukidza zvakasiyana-siyana. Tichitora zvigadzirwa zvikuru pamusika semuenzaniso:

• Kukwanisa kusimudza: Mutoro wekushanda wakachengeteka (SWL) unobvira pamatani makumi maviri kusvika pamatani mazana matatu, uye mamwe mamodheru akakura zvikuru anosvika matani chiuru nemazana maviri.
• Nharaunda yekushanda: Hurefu hwepamusoro hunogona kusvika mamita makumi mashanu kusvika makumi manomwe.
• Winch yekubatsira: Inowanzo shongedzerwa, ine simba rekusimudza rinosvika matani makumi matatu eSWL, zvichiwedzera kuchinjika kwekushanda.
• Kugadzika kwemagetsi: Imwe nzira yekusarudza dhiraivha yedhiziri-hydraulic kana yemagetsi-hydraulic; vamwe vagadziri vakaunza mhinduro dzemagetsi dzeVFD drive.

Tichitora muenzaniso wecrane yeMAXTECH ine matani gumi, maparameter ayo makuru ehunyanzvi anosanganisira: SWL yematani gumi, kumhanya kwekusimudza kwe2–14 m/min, kumhanya kwekunyorova kwe0.2–14 m/min, kumhanya kwekusveta kwe0.3 rpm, radius yepamusoro yemamita makumi matatu, radius shoma yemamita masere, uye simba remota re110 kW. Lattice boom crane series yeMAXTECH yakagadzirirwa zvakananga mapuratifomu anoyangarara kana akagadzika, ane kugona kwekusimudza kubva pamatani makumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu eSWL.

V. Maitiro Akajairika Ekushandisa

Macrane eLattice boom anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashandisirwo pamapuratifomu emafuta ari kunze kwenyika:

Kuisa nekutsiva michina mikuru: Kuisa nekutsiva michina mikuru nguva nenguva pamapuratifomu emafuta, akadai semamodule ekuboorera, majenareta, maseparator, uye macompressor, zvinoda kugona kusimudza zvinhu zvakawanda uye zvinosvika kure - mabasa ayo macrane elattice boom ndiyo chete sarudzo inoshanda.

Kuvakwa kwemapuratifomu uye kusimudza mamodule: Panguva yekuvakwa kwemapuratifomu emafuta ari kunze kwenyika, macrane elattice boom ane basa rekusimudza mamodule makuru epuratifomu kubva kungarava dzekutakura kuenda kunzvimbo dzawo dzekuisa. Mamwe macrane elattice boom makuru kwazvo anogona kutoita "kuvaka mapuratifomu ari kunze kwenyika" - kuunganidza puratifomu yese panyika uye kuisimudza mumvura seyuniti yakakwana.

Kupa zvinhu zvezuva nezuva kuchikuva: Ngarava dzekutakura zvinhu dzinogara dzichiendesa chikafu, michina, mapaipi, nezvimwe zvinhu kuchikuva. Macrane eLattice boom anoshandiswa kutamisa zvinhu izvi kubva pachikuva chengarava kuenda kuchikuva chepuratifomu.

Kutamiswa kwevashandi: Kana vashandi vachida kutamiswa zvakachengeteka kubva mungarava kuenda pachikuva, basa rekusimudza vashandi remakrani elattice boom rinopa mhinduro yakavimbika.

Kugadziriswa kwemapaipi nemidziyo: Mabasa akadai sekutsiva mapaipi nekugadzirisa michina pachikuva anowanzoda kusimudza zvikamu kana maturusi kubva pachikuva kuenda kunzvimbo yebasa. Kufukidzwa kukuru kwemacrane elattice boom kune zvakanakira zvikuru mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.

VI. Maitiro Ekugadzira Nekugadzira

Kugadzira, kuvaka, uye kuyedzwa kwemacrane elattice boom enzvimbo dzemafuta dziri kunze kwenyika kunofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo nezvinodiwa pasi rose zvinogamuchirwa:

API Spec 2C (Chirevo cheMakuni Akaiswa Padenga reOffshore): Yakabudiswa neAmerican Petroleum Institute, iyi ndiyo mwero une simba zvikuru muchikamu chemakuni akaiswa padenga reOffshore, ichipa zvinodiwa zvakadzama zvekugadzira, kuvaka, uye kuyedza makuni akaiswa padenga reOffshore.

EN 13852-1: Chiyero cheEuropean checranes dziri kunze kwenyika.

Chitupa chesangano rekupatsanura: Zvigadzirwa zvinowanzoda mvumo kubva kumasangano makuru ekupatsanura akadai seABS (American Bureau of Shipping), CCS (China Classification Society), BV (Bureau Veritas), uye DNV (Det Norske Veritas).

Pamusoro pezvo, kumakireni anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinogona kuputika, zvinodiwa zvechitupa cheATEX chinodzivirira kuputika zvinofanirawo kuzadzikiswa.

VII. Vagadziri Vakuru uye Mamiriro Emusika

Musika wepasi rose we lattice boom offshore platform cranes unotongwa nemakambani akati wandei ane mukurumbira pasi rose:

Liebherr: Macrane ayo eBOS series lattice boom ane simba repamusoro rekusimudza rinosvika matani zana nemakumi mashanu uye radii inoshanda inosvika mamita makumi manomwe nemaviri, ane dhizaini yeA-frame wire rope luffing uye anowanikwa mune ese ari maviri diesel-hydraulic uye electric-hydraulic drive options.

PALFINGER: Macrane ayo emagetsi anofambisa tambo yewaya anopa nguva yekusimudza kubva pa4,000 kusvika 30,000 kNm, ane simba rekusimudza rinosvika matani zana uye radii rinosvika mamita makumi manomwe. Mhinduro yayo yemagetsi yakazara yeVFD drive inoita kuti ishande isina mafuta, ine simba shoma, uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda.

MacGregor: Lattice boom crane series yayo (LBC) yakagadzirirwa mapuratifomu anoyangarara kana kuti akasimba, ane simba rekusimudza kubva pamatani makumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu eSWL uye radii yepamusoro yekushanda inosvika mamita makumi mashanu.

MAXTECH: Semugadziri anozivikanwa wekuChina wemidziyo yemugungwa neyepachiteshi, MAXTECH's lattice boom crane (LBC) series yakagadzirirwawo mapuratifomu anoyangarara kana akagadziriswa kunze kwenyika. Nekushanda kwakanaka uye dhizaini itsva, iyi series yave sarudzo yakakodzera yekutakura zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Zvigadzirwa zveMAXTECH zvine zvitupa zvakawanda zvepasi rose zvinosanganisira ABS, BV, CCS, DNV, KR, uye RS, uye zvinoshandira vatengi pasi rese.

VIII. Mazano Ekusarudza

Pakusarudza crane ye lattice boom yepuratifomu yemafuta iri kunze kwenyika, zvinhu zvinotevera zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa:

1. Tsanangura zvinodiwa pakusimudza: Sarudza kugona kukuru uye kwekubatsira kwehoko zvichibva pahuremu hwakanyanya hwechikamu chimwe chete, nzvimbo yekushanda, uye kukwirira kwekusimudza kunodiwa pakushanda kwezuva nezuva kwepuratifomu.
2. Ongorora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza: Funga nezvemamiriro emhepo nemafungu, chiyero chekuora kwemunyu-spray, uye kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzisingaputike munzvimbo yegungwa pane chikuva.
3. Simbisa mitemo yekutevedzera mitemo: Iva nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chinosangana nezvinodiwa nezvinodiwa zvakaita seAPI Spec 2C uye chawana zvitupa zvakakodzera zvesangano rekupatsanura.
4. Sarudza mhinduro yemagetsi: Sarudza pakati pesarudzo dzedhiziri-hydraulic, electric-hydraulic, kana dzemagetsi zvizere zvichienderana nemamiriro emagetsi epuratifomu.
5. Ongorora sevhisi mushure mekutengesa: Hunhu hwakasiyana hwemabasa ekunze kwenyika hunoda kuti vatengesi vave nehunyanzvi hwekupindura nekukurumidza uye network yebasa repasi rose.

Nezvakanakira zvayo zvakasiyana zvekureruka, kuomarara kwakanaka, kugona kusimudza zvinhu zvakasimba, kushanda kwakasiyana-siyana, uye kudzivirira mhepo zvakanyanya, lattice boom crane yave chinhu chakakosha pamidziyo yemafuta iri kunze kwenyika. Kubva pakutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose yakaita seAPI Spec 2C kusvika pakufukidza simba rekusimudza zvinhu kubva pamatani makumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu zvichikwira - lattice boom crane ndiyo "simba" rakavimbika kwazvo rekugadzira mafuta negesi kunze kwenyika.

Sezvo kutsvaga mafuta negasi pasi rose mumvura kuchifambira mumvura yakadzika uye zvikamu zvitsva zvakaita sesimba remhepo rekunze kwenyika zvichikura nekukurumidza, macrane elattice boom acharamba achiita basa risingatsiviwi mukushandiswa kwematani makuru, anosvika kure, achipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehunyanzvi mukusimudzira simba remugungwa.