"Maziko Odalirika" a Mapulatifomu a Mafuta a Kunja: a Lattice Boom Cranes

M'nyanja yayikulu, gombeMapulatifomu amafuta ali ngati zilumba zachitsulo, ali ndi udindo waukulu wofufuza ndi kupanga mafuta ndi gasi. Pazilumbazi zakutali, pali chipangizo chodziwika kuti "nyumba yamagetsi yakunja kwa nyanja" - latticeKireni ya BoomNdi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri zopangira ndi chitetezo pa ntchito zamafuta za m'nyanja, zomwe zimayang'anira ntchito zonse zonyamula mafuta pa pulatifomu komanso kusamutsa zipangizo ndi antchito pakati pa pulatifomu ndi zombo zothandizira. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chiyambi cha dongosolo la kapangidwe kake, ubwino waukulu, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri zokhudza kusankha ma crane a lattice boom.

I. Kodi Kreni ya Lattice Boom ndi Chiyani?

Kreni ya lattice boom, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kreni ya lattice-boom, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu ya ma crane a pulatifomu yakunja. Kreni yake imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka lattice - kopangidwa ndi machubu angapo achitsulo kapena magawo achitsulo omangidwa ndi kulumikiza kapena kuyika bolt, ndikupanga chimango chotseguka. Kapangidwe kapadera kameneka kamapatsa malo osasinthika m'munda wa uinjiniya wakunja.

Ma cranes a pa pulatifomu yakunja amatha kugawidwa m'magulu monga telescopic boom, lattice boom, ndiKuphulika kwa Knucklemitundu yochokera ku kapangidwe kake. Pakati pa izi, mtundu wa lattice boom, wokhala ndi mphamvu yokweza zinthu zolemera kwambiri komanso malo ogwirira ntchito akuluakulu kwambiri, wakhala chisankho chokondedwa chonyamula zinthu zazikulu pamapulatifomu amafuta akunja.

II. Kapangidwe ka Ma Lattice Boom Cranes

Kreni wamba wa lattice boom offshore platform crane imakhala ndi zigawo zazikulu izi:

Pulatifomu yopukutira: Gawo loyambira la crane, lomwe lili ndi nyumba ya makina, nyumba yoyendetsera, chimango cha A, ndi winch yopukutira, pakati pa zinthu zina zazikulu.

Lattice boom: Yokhala ndi phazi la boom (lokhala ndi ma winchi akuluakulu ndi othandizira) ndi mutu wa boom (wokhala ndi ma hook othandizira ndi ma block a hook). Boom imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kotseguka ka lattice, komwe kamachepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa thupi pamene ikusunga mphamvu.

Adaputala ya Pedestal: Imagwira ntchito ngati njira yolumikizira makasitomala, imayang'anira malo a cholumikizira cholumikizira kuti zitsimikizire kuti chikugwirizana bwino ndi chogwirira chachikulu.

Makina amagetsi: Akhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi dizilo kapena magetsi. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira zoyendetsera magetsi zonse zatulukira, zomwe zathandiza kuti ntchito yake ikhale yopanda mafuta, mphamvu zochepa, komanso yosamalira chilengedwe.

Kabati ya woyendetsa: Ili ndi zotchingira mawu, zopukutira galasi, ndi zoziziritsira mpweya kuti woyendetsayo akhale womasuka komanso wotetezeka munyengo ya phokoso lalikulu komanso nyengo yoipa.

Dongosolo Lowongolera: Limaphatikiza ntchito zanzeru monga kuyang'anira mopitirira muyeso, kupewa kugundana, komanso kuzindikira matenda akutali.

III. Ubwino Waukulu wa Ma Lattice Boom Cranes

Kulamulira kwa ma crane a lattice boom pa nsanja zamafuta zakunja kwa dziko kumachokera ku ubwino wawo wapadera wogwirira ntchito:

1. Kulemera pang'ono, kulimba bwino, komanso mphamvu yokweza zinthu mwamphamvu

Kapangidwe kake ka lattice kamapereka kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake komanso mphamvu zonyamula katundu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi ma booms amtundu wa bokosi. Ma booms a lattice ndi opepuka pamlingo wofanana ndi mphamvu zonyamula katundu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito zakunja kwa dziko lapansi komwe katundu wa pa pulatifomu amakhala wosavuta kwambiri.

2. Ntchito zambiri komanso kutalika kwakukulu

Ma booms a lattice amatha kukhala ndi ma radii ogwirira ntchito komanso kutalika kokweza kuposa kwa mitundu ina ya ma boom. Zinthu zazikulu zimakhala ndi ma radii ogwirira ntchito okwanira mamita 50 kapena kupitirira mamita 70, zomwe zimaphimba mosavuta ngodya iliyonse ya nsanja ndi malo onyamulira pakati pa nsanja ndi zombo zoperekera.

3. Kukana kwa mphepo kwambiri

Kapangidwe ka lattice kali ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri kuposa kapangidwe ka bokosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kasakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi mphepo yamphamvu ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Uwu ndi mwayi wofunikira kwambiri wotetezera malo opangira mafuta a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amakumana ndi mavuto chaka chonse chifukwa cha mphepo zamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho.

4. Kusinthasintha ku malo oopsa a m'nyanja

Kuyambira m'madzi otentha komanso amvula mpaka ku Arctic yozizira kwambiri, ma crane a lattice boom, okhala ndi mapangidwe awo apadera komanso zipangizo zapamwamba, amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo ndi m'nyanja. Zigawo zonse za makina zimasungidwa mkati mwa zitseko zotsekedwa, zomwe zimateteza bwino ku dzimbiri la m'nyanja.

5. Kukonza kosavuta komanso moyo wautali wautumiki

Zigawo zonse zoyenda zimapaka mafuta kapena mafuta, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zigawo ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya zida. Chogwirira chodulira chingakhale ndi chipangizo chodzola chokha komanso zida zosinthira pamalopo, zomwe zimathandiza ogwira ntchito yokonza kuti asinthe mwachangu zigawo zofunika popanda ntchito zovuta.

IV. Magawo Aukadaulo Achizolowezi ndi Mafotokozedwe a Zamalonda

Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo a ma crane a lattice boom offshore amakhudza zinthu zambiri. Potengera zinthu zomwe zikupezeka pamsika mwachitsanzo:

• Kutha kunyamula katundu: Katundu Wogwira Ntchito Motetezeka (SWL) ndi wolemera kuyambira matani 20 mpaka matani 300, ndipo mitundu ina ikuluikulu kwambiri imalemera matani 1,200.
• Utali wogwirira ntchito: Kutalika kwakukulu kumatha kufika mamita 50 mpaka 70.
• Winch yothandizira: Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zida, yokhala ndi mphamvu zonyamula mpaka matani 30 a SWL, zomwe zimakulitsa kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.
• Kapangidwe ka mphamvu: Chosankha cha dizilo-hydraulic kapena electric-hydraulic drive; opanga ena apereka njira zoyendetsera magetsi za VFD.

Potengera chitsanzo cha crane ya MAXTECH ya matani 10, magawo ake ofunikira aukadaulo ndi awa: SWL ya matani 10, liwiro lokweza la 2–14 m/min, liwiro lopumira la 0.2–14 m/min, liwiro lopumira la 0.3 rpm, radius yayikulu ya mamita 30, radius yochepa ya mamita 8, ndi mphamvu ya injini ya 110 kW. Mndandanda wa crane ya MAXTECH ya lattice boom wapangidwira makamaka nsanja zoyandama kapena zokhazikika zakunja kwa nyanja, zokhala ndi mphamvu zonyamula kuyambira matani 50 mpaka 300 a SWL.

V. Zochitika Zachizolowezi Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Ma cranes a Lattice boom amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana pamapulatifomu amafuta akunja:

Kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha zida zazikulu: Kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha zida zazikulu nthawi ndi nthawi pamapulatifomu amafuta, monga ma module obowola, ma jenereta, olekanitsa, ndi ma compressor, kumafuna mphamvu zonyamula katundu wautali komanso zolemera kwambiri - ntchito zomwe ma cranes a lattice boom ndi omwe amasankha okha.

Kupanga nsanja ndi kukweza ma module: Pakumanga mapulatifomu amafuta a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ma crane a lattice boom ndi omwe amanyamula ma module akuluakulu a nsanja kuchokera ku zombo zonyamulira kupita kumalo awo oyika. Ma crane ena akuluakulu kwambiri a lattice boom amathanso "kumanga mapulatifomu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja" - kusonkhanitsa nsanja yonse pamtunda ndikuyikweza m'madzi ngati gawo lathunthu.

Kupereka zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku ku nsanja: Zombo zoperekera zinthu nthawi zonse zimatumiza chakudya, zida, mapaipi, ndi zinthu zina ku nsanja nthawi zonse. Ma cranes a lattice boom amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa zinthuzi kuchokera ku sitima kupita ku nsanja.

Kusamutsa antchito: Pamene ogwira ntchito akufunika kusamutsidwa mosamala kuchokera ku zombo kupita ku nsanja, ntchito yokweza antchito ya ma crane a lattice boom imapereka yankho lodalirika.

Kusamalira mapaipi ndi zida: Ntchito monga kusintha mapaipi ndi kukonza zida pa nsanja nthawi zambiri zimafuna kunyamula zida zina kapena zida kuchokera pa nsanja kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito. Kuphimba kwakukulu kwa ma crane a lattice boom kumapereka zabwino zazikulu pazochitika zotere.

VI. Miyezo Yopangira ndi Kupanga

Kapangidwe, kapangidwe, ndi mayeso a ma crane a lattice boom a nsanja zamafuta zakunja kwa dziko lapansi ayenera kutsatira miyezo ndi zofunikira zomwe zimavomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi:

API Spec 2C (Kufotokozera za Ma Crane Okwera Pamwamba pa Nyanja): Yoperekedwa ndi American Petroleum Institute, iyi ndiye muyezo wovomerezeka kwambiri mu gawo la ma crane akunja kwa nyanja, wopereka zofunikira mwatsatanetsatane pakupanga, kumanga, ndi kuyesa ma crane okwera pamapazi.

EN 13852-1: Muyezo wa ku Europe wa ma crane akunja.

Satifiketi ya bungwe logawa zinthu: Zinthu nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuvomerezedwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu ogawa zinthu monga ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), CCS (China Classification Society), BV (Bureau Veritas), ndi DNV (Det Norske Veritas).

Kuphatikiza apo, pa ma crane omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mlengalenga womwe ungaphulike, zofunikira za satifiketi ya ATEX yolimbana ndi kuphulika ziyeneranso kukwaniritsidwa.

VII. Opanga Akuluakulu ndi Malo Ogulitsira

Msika wapadziko lonse wa ma crane a lattice boom offshore platform platform umayang'aniridwa ndi makampani angapo otchuka padziko lonse lapansi:

Liebherr: Ma cranes ake a BOS series lattice boom cranes amapereka mphamvu zonyamulira zokwana matani 150 ndi ma radii ogwirira ntchito okwana mamita 72, okhala ndi kapangidwe ka waya wa A-frame ndipo amapezeka mu mitundu yonse ya dizilo-hydraulic ndi electric-hydraulic drive.

PALFINGER: Makina ake olumikizirana a waya okhala ndi chingwe chofewa amapereka mphamvu zonyamulira kuyambira 4,000 mpaka 30,000 kNm, okhala ndi mphamvu zonyamulira mpaka matani 100 ndi ma radii ogwirira ntchito mpaka mamita 70. Njira yake yoyendetsera VFD yamagetsi yonse imagwira ntchito yopanda mafuta, yamphamvu yochepa, komanso yosamalira chilengedwe.

MacGregor: Makina ake otsetsereka otchedwa lattice boom crane series (LBC) adapangidwira makamaka nsanja zoyandama kapena zokhazikika, zokhala ndi mphamvu zonyamula kuyambira matani 50 mpaka 300 a SWL ndi ma radii ogwirira ntchito okwana mamita 50.

MAXTECH: Monga kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga zida zapamadzi ndi zapadoko ku China, mndandanda wa MAXTECH's lattice boom crane (LBC) wapangidwiranso makamaka nsanja zoyandama kapena zokhazikika zapanyanja. Ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kapangidwe katsopano, mndandanda uwu wakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwirira ntchito zonyamula katundu zapanyanja. Zogulitsa za MAXTECH zili ndi ziphaso zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza ABS, BV, CCS, DNV, KR, ndi RS, ndipo zimatumikira makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi.

VIII. Malangizo Osankha

Posankha crane ya lattice boom ya nsanja yamafuta yakunja, zinthu zofunika izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

1. Fotokozani zofunikira pakunyamula: Dziwani mphamvu zazikulu ndi zothandizira za mbedza kutengera kulemera kwakukulu kwa chidutswa chimodzi, utali wogwirira ntchito, ndi kutalika konyamula komwe kumafunikira pantchito zonyamula za tsiku ndi tsiku za nsanjayo.
2. Unikani momwe zinthu zilili: Ganizirani za momwe mphepo ndi mafunde zimakhalira, kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri komwe kumawotchedwa ndi mchere, komanso kuchuluka kwa malo omwe sangaphulike m'nyanja momwe nsanjayo ili.
3. Tsimikizirani miyezo yotsatizana: Onetsetsani kuti malonda akukwaniritsa zofunikira monga API Spec 2C ndipo alandira ziphaso zoyenera za bungwe logawa.
4. Sankhani njira yamagetsi: Sankhani pakati pa njira za dizilo-hydraulic, electric-hydraulic, kapena zamagetsi zonse kutengera momwe magetsi alili papulatifomu.
5. Unikani ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa: Kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimachitika m'maiko ena kumafuna kuti ogulitsa azikhala ndi mphamvu zoyankha mwachangu komanso kuti akhale ndi netiweki yapadziko lonse lapansi yopereka chithandizo.

Ndi ubwino wake wapadera wodzilemera pang'ono, kulimba bwino, mphamvu yonyamula katundu mwamphamvu, malo ogwirira ntchito osiyanasiyana, komanso kukana mphepo kwambiri, crane ya lattice boom yakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pa nsanja zamafuta zakunja. Kuyambira kutsatira kwambiri miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga API Spec 2C mpaka kuphimba mphamvu zonyamula katundu kuyambira matani 50 mpaka 300 ndi kupitirira apo - crane ya lattice boom ikadali "nyumba yodalirika" kwambiri yopanga mafuta ndi gasi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Pamene kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi kukulowa m'madzi akuya komanso magawo atsopano monga mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja akukula mofulumira, ma cranes a lattice boom apitilizabe kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza matani akuluakulu, omwe amatha kufikira nthawi yayitali, kupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cholimba pakukula kwa mphamvu za m'nyanja.