"Isiseko Esinokuthenjwa" samaQonga eoli aseLwandle: kwiiKrayini zeLattice Boom

Kulwandlekazi olukhulu, elunxwemeniAmaqonga eoyile ami njengeziqithi zentsimbi, ethwele uxanduva olunzima lokuhlola nokuvelisa ioyile negesi. Kwezi ziqithi zikude, kukho isixhobo esaziwa ngokuba yi "offshore powerhouse" - i-latticeI-Boom Crane. Yenye yezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zemveliso kunye nokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yeoyile elwandle, inoxanduva lwazo zonke imisebenzi yokuphakamisa eqongeni kunye nokudluliselwa kwezinto kunye nabasebenzi phakathi kweqonga kunye neenqanawa zokuxhasa. Eli nqaku libonelela ngentshayelelo ecwangcisiweyo kwiimpawu zesakhiwo, iingenelo eziphambili, iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha iikhreyini ze-lattice boom.

I. Yintoni iLattice Boom Crane?

I-lattice boom crane, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lattice-boom crane, yenye yezona ntlobo ziphambili zezakhiwo zee-offshore platform cranes. I-boom yayo isebenzisa isakhiwo se-lattice - esakhiwe ngeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezininzi okanye amacandelo esinyithi adibeneyo ngokuwelda okanye ngebholti, okwenza isakhelo segridi evulekileyo. Olu yilo lolwakhiwo olukhethekileyo luyinika indawo engenakutshintshwa kwicandelo lobunjineli base-offshore.

Iikhreyini zeplatifomu zaselunxwemeni zingahlulwahlulwa zibe zii-telescopic boom, i-lattice boom, kunyeI-Knuckle Boomiintlobo ezisekelwe kwimo yesakhiwo. Phakathi kwezi, uhlobo lwe-lattice boom, olunamandla aphezulu okuphakamisa izinto ezinzima kunye noluhlu lokusebenza olukhulu kakhulu, luye lwaba lolona khetho lukhethwayo lokuphakamisa iitoni ezinkulu kumaqonga eoyile aselwandle.

II. Ulwakhiwo lweLattice Boom Cranes

I-crane eqhelekileyo yeplatifomu ye-lattice boom offshore iqulathe ezi zinto zilandelayo ziphambili:

Iqonga lokusleyitha: Iyunithi esisiseko yekreyini, egcina indlu yoomatshini, ikhabhini yomqhubi, ifreyimu ye-A, kunye ne-luffing winch, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziphambili.

I-Lattice boom: Iquka i-boom foot (egcina ii-winch eziphambili kunye nee-winch ezincedisayo) kunye ne-boom head (exhotyiswe ngee-hicks ezincedisayo kunye nee-hook blocks). I-boom isebenzisa isakhiwo esivulekileyo se-lattice, esinciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bomzimba ngelixa sigcina amandla.

I-adaptha yePedestal: Isebenza njengojongano lokufakelwa komthengi, ilawula indawo yendibano yeringi yokutyibilika ukuqinisekisa ukulingana ngokuchanekileyo kwebheri enobubanzi obukhulu.

Inkqubo yamandla: Ingaqhutywa ngedizili-hydraulic okanye ngombane-hydraulic. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwavela izisombululo zokuqhuba ngombane ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo efezekisa ukusebenza okungenaoyile, amandla aphantsi, nokusingqongileyo.

Ikhabhathi yomqhubi: Ixhotyiswe ngezinto zokuthintela isandi, izisuli zefestile, kunye ne-air conditioner ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi ukhululekile kwaye ukhuselekile kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima nengxolo ephezulu.

Inkqubo yoLawulo: Idibanisa imisebenzi ekrelekrele efana nokubeka esweni ukugqithisa kakhulu, ukulwa nokungqubana, kunye nokuxilongwa okukude.

III. Iingenelo eziphambili zeeKreyini zeLattice Boom

Ulawulo lwee-cranes ze-lattice boom kumaqonga eoyile aselunxwemeni luvela kwiingenelo zazo zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo:

1. Ubunzima obulula, ukuqina okuhle, kunye nomthamo oqinileyo wokuphakamisa

Uyilo lwegridi evulekileyo yesakhiwo selathisi lubonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu kwesakhiwo kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifanayo xa kuthelekiswa neeboom zohlobo lwebhokisi. Iiboom zelathisi zilula kumandla okuphakamisa alinganayo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yolwandle apho imithwalo yedekhi yeqonga ibuthathaka kakhulu.

2. Uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kokuphakamisa

Ii-lattice booms zinokufikelela kubude obuphezulu obuphezulu obudlula kakhulu obezinye iintlobo zee-boom. Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zibonelela nge-radii ephezulu yokusebenza yeemitha ezingama-50 okanye nangaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-70, zigubungela ngokulula yonke ikona yedekhi yeqonga kunye neendawo zokuphakamisa phakathi kweqonga kunye neenqanawa zokuhambisa.

3. Ukumelana nomoya okugqwesileyo

Isakhiwo selatisi sinomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokutsalwa kunezakhiwo ezifana nebhokisi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba singachaphazeleki kakhulu yimimoya enamandla yaselunxwemeni. Le yinzuzo ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kumaqonga eoyile aselunxwemeni ajongene nemingeni yonyaka wonke evela kwiinkanyamba kunye neemvula ezinkulu.

4. Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zaselwandle eziyingozi

Ukususela kumanzi ashushu nafumileyo ashushu ukuya kwiArctic ebandayo, ii-lattice boom cranes, ezineedizayini zazo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, zinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye nezolwandle. Zonke izinto zoomatshini zigcinwe ngaphakathi kweekheyiji ezivalekileyo, zikhusela ngokufanelekileyo kwi-corrosion ye-salt-spray yolwandle.

5. Ukugcinwa lula kunye nobomi benkonzo ende

Zonke iindawo ezihambayo zithanjiswe ngeoyile okanye igrisi, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukuguguleka kwezixhobo kwaye yandisa ubomi bezixhobo. I-slewing bearing ingaxhotyiswa ngokuzikhethela ngesixhobo sokuthambisa esizenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo zokutshixa endaweni, okuvumela abasebenzi bokulungisa ukuba batshintshe ngokukhawuleza izinto ezibalulekileyo ngaphandle kwemisebenzi enzima.

IV. Iiparameters zoBugcisa eziqhelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zeMveliso

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa zeekhreyini ze-lattice boom offshore zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu. Ukuthatha iimveliso eziphambili kwimarike njengemizekelo:

• Umthamo wokuphakamisa: Umthwalo wokusebenza okhuselekileyo (i-SWL) ususela kwiitoni ezingama-20 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-300, kwaye ezinye iimodeli ezinkulu kakhulu zifikelela kwiitoni ezili-1,200.
• Irediyasi yokusebenza: Ubuninzi bunokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-70.
• I-winch encedisayo: Ihlala ixhotyiswe, inomthamo wokuphakamisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-30 ze-SWL, nto leyo eyandisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.
• Uqwalaselo lwamandla: I-drive yedizili-hydraulic okanye ye-electric-hydraulic ekhethiweyo; abanye abavelisi bazise izisombululo ze-VFD drive ezisebenza ngombane ngokupheleleyo.

Xa sijonga i-crane ye-lattice boom ye-MAXTECH eyi-10-ton njengomzekelo, iiparameter zayo zobugcisa eziphambili ziquka: i-SWL yeetoni ezili-10, isantya sokuphakamisa esiyi-2–14 m/min, isantya sokufunxa esiyi-0.2–14 m/min, isantya sokushefa esiyi-0.3 rpm, i-radius ephezulu yeemitha ezingama-30, i-radius encinci yeemitha ezi-8, kunye namandla enjini ayi-110 kW. Uthotho lwe-crane ye-lattice boom ye-MAXTECH luyilelwe ngokukodwa amaqonga ahambahambayo okanye azinzileyo olwandle, anomthamo wokuphakamisa oqala kwiitoni ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-300 ze-SWL.

V. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa

Iikhreyini zeLattice boom zisetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kumaqonga eoyile aselunxwemeni:

Ukufakelwa nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezinkulu: Ukufakelwa nokutshintshwa rhoqo kwezixhobo ezinkulu kumaqonga eoyile, njengeemodyuli zokubhola, iijenereyitha, ii-separator, kunye nee-compressors, kufuna amandla okuphakamisa amakhulu, afikelela ixesha elide - imisebenzi apho ii-cranes ze-lattice boom zikhetho kuphela olufanelekileyo.

Ukwakhiwa kweqonga kunye nokuphakamisa iimodyuli: Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweeplatifomu zeoyile zaselwandle, ii-crane ze-lattice boom zinoxanduva lokuphakamisa iimodyuli ezinkulu zeqonga ukusuka kwiinqanawa zothutho ukuya kwiindawo zazo zokufakela. Ezinye ii-crane ze-lattice boom ezinkulu kakhulu zinokufikelela "ekwakhiweni kweeplatifomu zaselwandle" - ukuhlanganisa lonke iqonga emhlabeni kwaye liphakamise emanzini njengeyunithi epheleleyo.

Ubonelelo lwezinto zemihla ngemihla eqongeni: Iinqanawa zokubonelela zihambisa ukutya, izixhobo, imibhobho, kunye nezinye izinto rhoqo eqongeni. Iikhrayini ze-lattice boom zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha ezi zinto ukusuka kwidekhi yenqanawa ukuya kwidekhi yeqonga.

Ukudluliselwa kwabasebenzi: Xa abasebenzi kufuneka bathunyelwe ngokukhuselekileyo besuka kwiinqanawa besiya eqongeni, umsebenzi wokuphakamisa abasebenzi weekhreyini ze-lattice boom ubonelela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo.

Ukugcinwa kwemibhobho nezixhobo: Imisebenzi efana nokutshintshwa kwemibhobho kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo eqongeni idla ngokufuna ukuphakamisa izixhobo okanye izixhobo ukusuka eqongeni ukuya kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukugubungela okukhulu kweekhreyini ze-lattice boom kunika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko ezinjalo.

VI. Imigangatho yoYilo kunye neMveliso

Uyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye novavanyo lwee-lattice boom cranes zamaqonga eoyile aselunxwemeni kufuneka zihambelane ngokungqongqo nemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezamkelweyo kwihlabathi liphela:

I-API Spec 2C (Iinkcazo zeeKreyini ezifakwe kwiZitena ezingaphandle kolwandle): Ikhutshwe yi-American Petroleum Institute, le yeyona migangatho inegunya kwicandelo leekreyini ezingaphandle kolwandle, inika iimfuno ezineenkcukacha zoyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye novavanyo lweekreyini ezifakwe kwiZitena ezingaphandle kolwandle.

EN 13852-1: Umgangatho oqhelekileyo waseYurophu weekhreyini ezikude nolwandle.

Isatifikethi sombutho wokwahlukanisa: Iimveliso zihlala zifuna imvume evela kwimibutho ephambili yokwahlukanisa efana ne-ABS (i-American Bureau of Shipping), i-CCS (i-China Classification Society), i-BV (i-Bureau Veritas), kunye ne-DNV (i-Det Norske Veritas).

Ukongeza, kwiikreyini ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinokuthi ziqhume, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zesatifikethi se-ATEX esikhusela ukuqhuma.

VII. Abavelisi Abaphambili kunye neNdawo yeMarike

Imarike yehlabathi yeekhreyini zeplatifomu ze-lattice boom offshore ilawulwa ziinkampani ezininzi ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela:

ILiebherr: Iikhrayini zayo ze-BOS series lattice boom zibonelela ngomthamo ophezulu wokuphakamisa ofikelela kwiitoni ezili-150 kunye nemitha yokusebenza efikelela kwiimitha ezingama-72, zinoyilo lwentambo ye-A-frame luffing kwaye ziyafumaneka kwiindlela zokuqhuba ngedizili-hydraulic kunye ne-electric-hydraulic.

IPALFINGER: Iikhreyini zayo ze-lattice boom ezisebenzisa intambo zibonelela ngamaxesha okuphakamisa ukusuka kwi-4,000 ukuya kwi-30,000 kNm, ezinomthamo wokuphakamisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezili-100 kunye nemitha yokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-70. Isisombululo sayo se-VFD drive esisebenza ngombane ngokupheleleyo sifezekisa ukusebenza okungenawo ioyile, amandla aphantsi, kunye nokusingqongileyo.

IMacGregor: Uthotho lwayo lwe-lattice boom crane series (LBC) luyilelwe ngokukodwa amaqonga adadayo okanye azinzileyo, anomthamo wokuphakamisa ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-300 ze-SWL kunye ne-radii yokusebenza ephezulu yeemitha ezingama-50.

I-MAXTECH: Njengomvelisi odumileyo waseTshayina wezixhobo zaselwandle nezezibuko, uthotho lwe-lattice boom crane (LBC) lwe-MAXTECH lukwayilelwe ngokukodwa amaqonga okudada okanye azinzileyo aselwandle. Ngomsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunye noyilo olutsha, olu thotho lube lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuphatha imithwalo yaselwandle. Iimveliso ze-MAXTECH ziphethe iziqinisekiso ezininzi zoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kubandakanya i-ABS, i-BV, i-CCS, i-DNV, i-KR, kunye ne-RS, kwaye zikhonza abathengi kwihlabathi liphela.

VIII. Iingcebiso zokukhetha

Xa ukhetha i-lattice boom crane yeqonga leoyile eliselunxwemeni, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Chaza iimfuno zokuphakamisa: Chonga amandla e-hook ephambili kunye nalawo ancedisayo ngokusekwe kubunzima obukhulu be-single-piece, i-radius yokusebenza, kunye nokuphakama kokuphakamisa okufunekayo kwimisebenzi yokuphakamisa yemihla ngemihla yeqonga.
2. Vavanya iimeko zokusingqongileyo: Cinga ngeemeko zomoya namaza, umlinganiselo wokugqwala kwetyuwa, kunye nohlu lweendawo ezingaqhumiyo kwindawo yolwandle apho iqonga likhoyo.
3. Qinisekisa imigangatho yokuthobela imithetho: Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno zeenkcukacha ezifana ne-API Spec 2C kwaye ifumene iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo zombutho wodidi.
4. Khetha isisombululo sombane: Khetha phakathi kokhetho lwedizili-hydraulic, umbane-hydraulic, okanye umbane opheleleyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zombane zeqonga.
5. Vavanya inkonzo emva kokuthengisa: Uhlobo olulodwa lwemisebenzi ekude nolwandle lufuna ukuba ababoneleli babe namandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nenethiwekhi yenkonzo yehlabathi.

Ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezikhethekileyo zobunzima obulula bokuzithwala, ukuqina okuhle, amandla okuphakamisa aqinileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza, kunye nokumelana nomoya okuphezulu, i-lattice boom crane iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo kumaqonga eoyile aselunxwemeni. Ukususela ekuthobeleni ngokungqongqo imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-API Spec 2C ukuya ekugubungeleni amandla okuphakamisa aqala kwiitoni ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-300 nangaphezulu - i-lattice boom crane ihlala "iyindawo yamandla" ethembekileyo yophuhliso yeoyile negesi lwaselunxwemeni.

Njengoko uphando lwehlabathi ngeoyile negesi lusiya emanzini anzulu kwaye amacandelo asakhulayo afana namandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle ekhula ngokukhawuleza, ii-cranes ze-lattice boom ziya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwizicelo zokuphakamisa iitoni ezinkulu, ezifikelela ixesha elide, zibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa eqinileyo kuphuhliso lwamandla olwandle.