Kwihlabathi elinxibelelene ngakumbi, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeleni ukukhula koqoqosho.Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lweenqanawa zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu.Ukujongana nezi nkxalabo kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko elwandle, i-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) yazisa Ukhuseleko loBomi eLwandle (SOLAS)indibano.Kule ngxelo yeblogi, siza kuhlolisisa ukuba ingqungquthela ye-SOLAS ibandakanya ntoni, ukubaluleka kwayo, kunye nendlela eqinisekisa ngayo ukhuseleko lweenqanawa kunye nabasebenzi bazo.Ke, makhe siqalise kolu hambo ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwe-SOLAS.
1.Ukuqonda i-SOLAS
Ingqungquthela yoKhuseleko loBomi eLwandle (i-SOLAS) sisivumelwano solwandle samazwe ngamazwe esibeka imigangatho ephantsi yokhuseleko kwiinqanawa kunye neenkqubo zokuthumela ngenqanawa.Eyokuqala yamkelwa kwi-1914 emva kokucwila kwe-RMS Titanic, i-SOLAS emva koko yahlaziywa ngamaxesha amaninzi kwiminyaka, kunye nokulungiswa kwamva nje, i-SOLAS 1974, iqala ukusebenza kwi-1980. Ingqungquthela ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lobomi elwandle, ukhuseleko. yemikhumbi, kunye nokhuseleko lwepropathi ekwibhodi.
Ngaphantsi kwe-SOLAS, iinqanawa ziyafuneka ukuba zihlangabezane neendlela ezithile ezinxulumene nokwakhiwa, izixhobo kunye nokusebenza.Ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwemiba yokhuseleko, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zokuthembeka kwamanzi, ukhuseleko lomlilo, ukuhamba, unxibelelwano lwerediyo, izixhobo zokusindisa ubomi, kunye nokuphathwa kwempahla.I-SOLAS iphinda igunyazise ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yendibano.
2.Ukubaluleka kwe-SOLAS
Ukubaluleka kwe-SOLAS akunakugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo.Ngokuseka isakhelo sendalo yonke sokhuseleko lwaselwandle, i-SOLAS iqinisekisa ukuba iinqanawa zixhotyiswe ukujongana nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iintlekele zendalo, iingozi, kunye nezisongelo zamaphekula.Oku kubalulekile njengoko ishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa lithutha malunga ne-80% yempahla yehlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela iinqanawa, imithwalo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ubomi babahambi ngolwandle.
Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo ze-SOLAS kugxininiso lwayo kwizixhobo zokusindisa ubomi kunye neenkqubo zongxamiseko.Iinqanawa kufuneka zibe namaphenyane aneleyo okusindisa ubomi, izihlenga zobomi, iibhatyi zobomi, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezithembekileyo zokucela uncedo ngamaxesha oxinzelelo.Ukuqhuba rhoqo kunye nokuqeqesha amalungu abasebenzi kwiiprothokholi zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimeko yengozi okanye imeko yongxamiseko.
Ngaphezu koko, i-SOLAS ifuna ukuba zonke iinqanawa zibe nezicwangciso ezicacileyo nezihlaziyiweyo zokhuseleko lwaselwandle, kuquka namanyathelo okunciphisa nokuthintela ungcoliseko kwimisebenzi yenqanawa.Oku kuzibophelela ekugcineni indalo yaselwandle kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuthuthwa kweenqanawa ihambelana neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo olubanzi lweZizwe eziManyeneyo.
I-SOLAS iphinda igxininise ukubaluleka kokuhamba ngokufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano.Uncedo lokuhamba nge-elektroniki, njengeGlobal Positioning Systems (GPS), irada, kunye ne-Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), zibalulekile kubaqhubi beenqanawa ukuze baqhube ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye baphephe ukungqubana.Ngaphezulu koko, imimiselo engqongqo kunxibelelwano lukanomathotholo iqinisekisa unxibelelwano olusebenzayo nolukhawulezayo phakathi kweenqanawa namagunya aselwandle, okwenza ukuba kuphenduleke ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwaselwandle ngokubanzi.
3.Ukuthotyelwa kunye noNyanzeliso
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemigangatho ye-SOLAS, amazwe eflegi athwala uxanduva lokunyanzelisa ingqungquthela kwiinqanawa ezihambisa iflegi yazo.Banyanzelekile ukuba bakhuphe izatifikethi zokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqanawa ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokhuseleko ezichazwe kwi-SOLAS.Ngaphaya koko, amazwe eeflegi kufuneka enze uhlolo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokujongana nazo naziphi na iintsilelo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukongeza, i-SOLAS ichaza inkqubo yoLawulo lweZibuko zeZibuko (i-PSC), apho abaphathi beenqanawa banokuhlola iinqanawa zangaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela kwazo imigangatho ye-SOLAS.Ukuba inqanawa iyasilela ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efunekayo, inokubanjwa okanye ithintelwe ukuba ihambe ngenqanawa de kube kulungiswe ukusilela.Le nkqubo inceda ekunciphiseni izenzo zokuthumela ngenqanawa ezingekho mgangathweni kwaye yomeleze ukhuseleko lwaselwandle lulonke kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngaphezu koko, i-SOLAS ikhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okufanayo kunye nokungaguqukiyo kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwaselwandle.I-IMO idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni iingxoxo, ukwabelana ngezona ndlela zilungileyo, kunye nokuphuhlisa izikhokelo kunye nezilungiso zokugcina i-SOLAS isexesheni kunye noshishino lwaselwandle oluguqukayo.
Ukuqukumbela, iUkhuseleko loBomi eLwandle (SOLAS) Ingqungquthela licandelo eliphambili lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokhuseleko lweenqanawa kunye noomatiloshe kwihlabathi liphela.Ngokumisela imigangatho ebanzi yokhuseleko, ukujongana neeprothokholi zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba, i-SOLAS idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iingozi zaselwandle, ukukhusela ubomi kunye nokugcina imeko yaselwandle.Ngokuqhubeka kwentsebenziswano kunye nokuthotyelwa, i-SOLAS iyaqhubeka ukuziqhelanisa kwaye iguquke ukuze ihlangabezane nemiceli mngeni ehlala iguquguquka kushishino lwenqanawa lwehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-09-2023
