M'dziko lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri, malonda a mayiko amathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwachuma.Komabe, chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha zombo zimakhalabe zofunika kwambiri.Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhawazi komanso kuchepetsa ngozi zapanyanja, bungwe la International Maritime Organisation (IMO) lidayambitsa Chitetezo cha Moyo pa Nyanja (SOLAS)msonkhano.Mu positi iyi ya blog, tifufuza zomwe msonkhano wa SOLAS umakhudza, kufunikira kwake, komanso momwe umatetezera chitetezo cha zombo ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tinyamuke paulendowu kuti timvetsetse kufunikira kwa SOLAS.
1.Kumvetsetsa SOLAS
Msonkhano wa Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wapanyanja womwe umakhazikitsa miyezo yocheperako yachitetezo cha zombo ndi njira zotumizira.Choyamba chovomerezedwa mu 1914 pambuyo pa kumira kwa RMS Titanic, SOLAS pambuyo pake inasinthidwa kangapo pazaka zambiri, ndi kusintha kwaposachedwa, SOLAS 1974, kuyamba kugwira ntchito ku 1980. Msonkhanowu cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha miyoyo panyanja, chitetezo. za zombo, ndi chitetezo cha katundu pa bolodi.
Pansi pa SOLAS, zombo zimafunika kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga, zida, ndi ntchito.Zimakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za chitetezo, kuphatikizapo njira zotetezera madzi, chitetezo cha moto, kuyenda, mauthenga a pawailesi, zipangizo zopulumutsa moyo, ndi kunyamula katundu.SOLAS imalamulanso kuti aziyendera nthawi zonse ndi kufufuza kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira mfundo za msonkhano.
2.Chithunzi cha SOLAS
Kufunika kwa SOLAS sikungathe kutsindika mokwanira.Pokhazikitsa dongosolo lonse la chitetezo cha panyanja, SOLAS imaonetsetsa kuti zombo zimakhala ndi zida zothandizira kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo masoka achilengedwe, ngozi, ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zingayambitse zigawenga.Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa makampani oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi amanyamula pafupifupi 80% ya katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kofunika kuteteza zombo, katundu, ndipo koposa zonse, miyoyo ya apanyanja.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za SOLAS ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zida zopulumutsa moyo komanso njira zadzidzidzi.Zombo zimafunika kukhala ndi mabwato opulumutsira anthu okwanira, zotengera moyo, ndi ma jekete opulumutsa moyo, limodzi ndi njira zolumikizirana zodalirika zopempha thandizo panthawi yamavuto.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi kuphunzitsa anthu ogwira nawo ntchito pazochitika zadzidzidzi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yopulumutsa anthu pa nthawi yake yachitika ngozi kapena mwadzidzidzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, SOLAS imafuna kuti zombo zonse zikhale ndi ndondomeko zachitetezo cha panyanja mwatsatanetsatane ndikusintha, kuphatikiza njira zochepetsera ndikuletsa kuipitsidwa ndi ntchito za sitimayo.Kudzipereka kumeneku pakusunga zachilengedwe zam'madzi ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi zombo zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zachitukuko zokhazikika za United Nations.
SOLAS imatsindikanso kufunikira kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendedwe kake ndi njira zoyankhulirana.Zothandizira pakompyuta, monga Global Positioning Systems (GPS), radar, ndi Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), ndizofunikira kuti oyendetsa sitima aziyenda bwino komanso kupewa kugunda.Pamwamba pa izi, malamulo okhwima okhudzana ndi kuyankhulana kwawailesi amaonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kwachangu komanso kwachangu pakati pa zombo ndi maulamuliro apanyanja, zomwe zimathandiza kuyankha mwachangu pakachitika ngozi komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chonse chapanyanja.
3.Kutsata ndi Kukhazikitsa
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti miyezo ya SOLAS ikukwaniritsidwa bwino, mayiko a mbendera ali ndi udindo wokakamiza mgwirizano pa zombo zomwe zikuwulutsa mbendera yawo.Iwo ali ndi udindo wopereka ziphaso zachitetezo kuti atsimikizire kuti sitimayo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zachitetezo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu SOLAS.Komanso, mayiko a mbendera amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatirabe ndikuthana ndi zofooka zilizonse nthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, SOLAS imafotokoza dongosolo la Port State Control (PSC), momwe akuluakulu amadoko amatha kuyang'ana zombo zakunja kuti atsimikizire kuti zikutsatira miyezo ya SOLAS.Ngati sitimayo ikulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo, ikhoza kumangidwa kapena kuletsedwa kuyenda mpaka zofookazo zitakonzedwa.Dongosololi limathandizira kuchepetsa machitidwe otsika mtengo komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo chapanyanja padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, SOLAS imalimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yachitetezo chapanyanja mofanana komanso mosasinthasintha.IMO imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri potsogolera zokambirana, kugawana njira zabwino kwambiri, ndikupanga malangizo ndi zosintha kuti SOLAS ikhale yatsopano ndi makampani omwe akupita patsogolo panyanja.
Pomaliza, aChitetezo cha Moyo pa Nyanja (SOLAS) Msonkhanowu ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha zombo ndi apanyanja padziko lonse lapansi.Pokhazikitsa mfundo zachitetezo chokwanira, kuthana ndi njira zothanirana ndi ngozi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zoyankhulirana ndikuyenda bwino, SOLAS imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa ngozi zapanyanja, kuteteza miyoyo, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.Kupyolera mu mgwirizano ndi kutsata, SOLAS ikupitirizabe kusintha ndi kusinthika kuti ikwaniritse zovuta zomwe zimasintha nthawi zonse pamakampani oyendetsa sitima padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-09-2023
