Lefatšeng le ntseng le hokahane ka ho eketsehileng, khoebo ea machaba e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho hōliseng moruo.Leha ho le joalo, polokeho le tšireletso ea likepe e ntse e le tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.Ho rarolla mathata ana le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa leoatle, Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Maritime (IMO) o hlahisitse Polokeho ea Bophelo Leoatleng (SOLAS)kopano.Ka poso ena ea blog, re tla hlahloba hore na kopano ea SOLAS e kenyelletsa eng, bohlokoa ba eona, le hore na e tiisa tšireletso ea likepe le basebetsi ba tsona joang.Kahoo, ha re qaleng leetong lena ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba SOLAS.
1.Ho utloisisa SOLAS
Kopano ea Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) ke selekane sa machaba sa maoatle se behang bonyane maemo a tšireletso bakeng sa likepe le mekhoa ea ho tsamaisa likepe.E ile ea amoheloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1914 ka mor'a ho teba ha RMS Titanic, SOLAS e ile ea ntlafatsoa ka makhetlo a 'maloa ho theosa le lilemo, ka phetoho ea morao-rao, SOLAS 1974, e qala ho sebetsa ka 1980. ea likepe, le polokeho ea thepa ka sekepeng.
Tlas'a SOLAS, likepe li hlokoa ho fihlela litekanyetso tse itseng tse amanang le kaho, lisebelisoa le ts'ebetso.E akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea ts'ireletso, ho kenyelletsa le mekhoa ea botšepehi bo sa keneleng metsi, polokeho ea mollo, ho tsamaea, puisano ea seea-le-moea, lisebelisoa tse pholosang bophelo, le ho tsamaisa thepa.SOLAS e boetse e laela hore ho hlahlojoe le ho etsa lipatlisiso khafetsa ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho tsoela pele ho lateloa litekanyetso tsa kopano.
2.Bohlokoa ba SOLAS
Bohlokoa ba SOLAS bo ke ke ba hatisoa ka ho lekaneng.Ka ho theha moralo oa bokahohle bakeng sa polokeho ea maoatle, SOLAS e tiisa hore likepe li hlomelloa ho sebetsana le mathata a sa tšoaneng, ho kenyeletsa likoluoa tsa tlhaho, likotsi le litšokelo tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tsa likhukhuni.Sena se bohlokoa kaha indasteri ea likepe e tsamaisa hoo e ka bang 80% ea thepa ea lefats'e, ho etsa hore ho be bohlokoa ho sireletsa likepe, thepa, 'me haholo-holo, bophelo ba basesisi ba likepe.
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse hlokomelehang tsa SOLAS ke tsepamiso ea eona ho lisebelisoa tse pholosang bophelo le mekhoa ea tšohanyetso.Likepe li hlokoa hore li be le liketsoana tse lekaneng tsa pholoho, li-life raft, le li-life jackets, hammoho le mekhoa e tšepahalang ea puisano ho kōpa thuso linakong tsa mahlomola.Ho etsa lithupelo tsa kamehla le ho koetlisa litho tsa basebetsi mabapi le liprothokholo tsa karabelo ea tšohanyetso ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea pholoso e nakong le e sebetsang maemong a kotsi kapa boemo ba tšohanyetso.
Ho feta moo, SOLAS e hloka hore likepe tsohle li be le merero e qaqileng le e nchafalitsoeng ea polokeho ea maoatle, ho kenyelletsa le mehato ea ho fokotsa le ho thibela tšilafalo mesebetsing ea sekepe.Boitlamo bona ba ho baballa tikoloho ea maoatleng le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea likepe e tsamaellana le merero e pharaletseng ea ntlafatso ea moshoelella ea Machaba a Kopaneng.
SOLAS e boetse e totobatsa bohlokoa ba tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea ho tsamaea le mekhoa ea puisano.Lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa ho sesa, tse kang Global Positioning Systems (GPS), radar, le Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), li bohlokoa hore batsamaisi ba likepe ba tsamaee ba sireletsehile le ho qoba ho thulana.Holim'a moo, melao e thata mabapi le puisano ea seea-le-moea e netefatsa puisano e sebetsang le e potlakileng pakeng tsa likepe le balaoli ba likepe, e leng se nolofalletsang ho arabela ka potlako maemong a tšohanyetso le ho matlafatsa polokeho ea maoatle ka kakaretso.
3.Kobamelo le Phethahatso
Ho netefatsa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang ea litekanyetso tsa SOLAS, linaha tsa lifolakha li na le boikarabello ba ho tiisa tumellano mabapi le likepe tse fofang folakha ea tsona.Ba tlamehile ho fana ka mangolo a tšireletso ho netefatsa hore sekepe se finyella litlhoko tsohle tsa tšireletso tse hlalositsoeng ho SOLAS.Ho feta moo, linaha tsa lifolakha li tlameha ho etsa litlhahlobo khafetsa ho netefatsa hore li tsoela pele ho latela melao le ho rarolla mefokolo efe kapa efe ka potlako.
Ho feta moo, SOLAS e fana ka taelo ea tsamaiso ea Port State Control (PSC), moo balaoli ba boema-kepe ba ka hlahlobang likepe tsa kantle ho naha ho netefatsa hore li latela melao ea SOLAS.Haeba sekepe se hlōleha ho finyella litekanyetso tse hlokahalang tsa tšireletso, se ka koalloa kapa sa thibeloa ho tsamaea ho fihlela mefokolo e lokisoa.Sistimi ena e thusa ho fokotsa lits'ebetso tse tlase tsa maemo a likepe le ho matlafatsa polokeho ea maoatle lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ho feta moo, SOLAS e khothaletsa tšebelisano har'a linaha tseo e leng litho le mekhatlo ea machaba ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang le e tsitsitseng ea litekanyetso tsa polokeho ea maoatle.IMO e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaisa lipuisano, ho arolelana mekhoa e metle, le ho hlahisa litataiso le lihlomathiso ho boloka SOLAS e ntse e tsoela pele ka indasteri e ntseng e tsoela pele ea maoatle.
Qetellong, thePolokeho ea Bophelo Leoatleng (SOLAS) kopano ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho netefatsa polokeho le polokeho ea likepe le basesisi ba likepe lefatšeng ka bophara.Ka ho theha litekanyetso tse felletseng tsa polokeho, ho sebetsana le liprothokholo tsa karabelo ea tšohanyetso, le ho netefatsa mekhoa e sebetsang ea puisano le likepe, SOLAS e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotsa likotsi tsa maoatle, ho sireletsa bophelo le ho boloka tikoloho ea leoatle.Ka tšebelisano-'moho e tsoelang pele le ho latela melao, SOLAS e tsoela pele ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho fetoha ho tobana le liphephetso tse lulang li fetoha tsa indasteri ea lefats'e ea likepe.
Nako ea poso: Aug-09-2023
