Lefatšeng le hokahaneng haholoanyane, khoebo ea machaba e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khanneng kholo ea moruo. Leha ho le joalo, polokeho le tšireletso ea likepe e ntse e le tsa bohlokoa haholo. Ho sebetsana le matšoenyeho ana le ho fokotsa likotsi leoatleng, Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Likepe (IMO) o hlahisitse Polokeho ea Bophelo Leoatleng (SOLAS)kopano. Posong ena ea blog, re tla hlahloba seo kopano ea SOLAS e se kenyelletsang, bohlokoa ba eona, le kamoo e netefatsang polokeho ea likepe le basebetsi ba tsona. Kahoo, ha re qaleng leeto lena ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba SOLAS.
1. Ho utloisisa SOLAS
Seboka sa Polokeho ea Bophelo Leoatleng (SOLAS) ke tumellano ea machaba ea likepe e behang maemo a tlase a polokeho bakeng sa likepe le mekhoa ea ho romela thepa. E amohetsoe ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1914 kamora ho teba ha RMS Titanic, SOLAS e ile ea ntlafatsoa ka makhetlo a 'maloa ho theosa le lilemo,' me phetoho ea morao-rao, SOLAS 1974, e qala ho sebetsa ka 1980. Seboka sena se ikemiselitse ho netefatsa polokeho ea maphelo leoatleng, polokeho ea likepe le polokeho ea thepa ka sekepeng.
Tlas'a SOLAS, likepe li hlokoa ho fihlela litekanyetso tse itseng tse amanang le kaho, lisebelisoa le ts'ebetso. E akaretsa likarolo tse ngata tsa polokeho, ho kenyeletsoa le mekhoa ea ho se kene metsi, polokeho ea mollo, ho tsamaea ka sekepe, puisano ea seea-le-moea, lisebelisoa tse pholosang bophelo le tsamaiso ea thepa. SOLAS e boetse e laela tlhahlobo le liphuputso tsa kamehla ho netefatsa hore ho latela melao ea tumellano ho tsoela pele.
2.Bohlokoa ba SOLAS
Bohlokoa ba SOLAS bo ke ke ba hatisoa ka ho lekaneng. Ka ho theha moralo oa bokahohle bakeng sa polokeho ea likepe, SOLAS e netefatsa hore likepe li hlomelloa ho sebetsana le liphephetso tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa likoluoa tsa tlhaho, likotsi le litšokelo tse ka bang teng tsa bokhukhuni. Sena se bohlokoa kaha indasteri ea likepe e tsamaisa hoo e ka bang 80% ea thepa ea lefats'e, e leng se etsang hore ho be bohlokoa ho sireletsa likepe, thepa, 'me habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, maphelo a basesisi ba likepe.
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse hlokomelehang tsa SOLAS ke ho tsepamisa maikutlo ha eona lisebelisoa tse pholosang bophelo le mekhoa ea maemo a tšohanyetso. Likepe lia hlokahala hore li be le likepe tse lekaneng tsa pholoso, likepe tsa pholoso le lijakete tsa pholoso, hammoho le litsamaiso tse tšepahalang tsa puisano ho kopa thuso linakong tsa mahlomola. Ho etsa boikoetliso khafetsa le ho koetlisa litho tsa basebetsi mabapi le mekhoa ea karabelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea pholoso e etsoang ka nako le e sebetsang haeba ho ka ba le kotsi kapa boemo ba tšohanyetso.
Ho feta moo, SOLAS e hloka hore likepe tsohle li be le merero e qaqileng le e ntlafalitsoeng ea polokeho ea likepe, ho kenyeletsoa le mehato ea ho fokotsa le ho thibela tšilafalo e bakoang ke ts'ebetso ea sekepe. Boitlamo bona ba ho boloka tikoloho ea leoatle le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea likepe bo tsamaisana le lipheo tse pharaletseng tsa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea Machaba a Kopaneng.
SOLAS e boetse e totobatsa bohlokoa ba litsamaiso tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho tsamaisa le ho buisana. Lithuso tsa ho tsamaisa tsa elektroniki, tse kang Global Positioning Systems (GPS), radar, le Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), li bohlokoa bakeng sa batsamaisi ba likepe ho tsamaisa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho qoba ho thulana. Ho feta moo, melaoana e thata mabapi le puisano ea seea-le-moea e netefatsa puisano e sebetsang le e potlakileng lipakeng tsa likepe le balaoli ba likepe, e nolofalletsang karabelo e potlakileng maemong a tšohanyetso le ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea likepe ka kakaretso.
3.Ho Latela Melao le ho Kenya Tshebetsong
Ho netefatsa hore maemo a SOLAS a kenngwa tshebetsong ka katleho, dinaha tsa folakha di jara boikarabelo ba ho tiisa tumellano dikepeng tse fofisang folakha ya tsona. Di tlamehile ho fana ka mangolo a polokeho ho netefatsa hore sekepe se fihlella ditlhoko tsohle tsa polokeho tse hlalositsweng ho SOLAS. Ho feta moo, dinaha tsa folakha di tlameha ho etsa ditlhahlobo tsa kamehla ho netefatsa hore ho tswela pele ho latela melao le ho rarolla mefokolo efe kapa efe kapele.
Ho phaella moo, SOLAS e laela tsamaiso ea Taolo ea Naha ea Kou (PSC), moo balaoli ba kou ba ka hlahlobang likepe tsa kantle ho naha ho netefatsa hore li latela maemo a SOLAS. Haeba sekepe se hlōleha ho fihlela maemo a hlokahalang a polokeho, se ka tšoaroa kapa sa thibeloa ho tsamaea ka sekepe ho fihlela mefokolo e lokisoa. Tsamaiso ena e thusa ho fokotsa mekhoa ea ho tsamaisa likepe e sa lokelang le ho matlafatsa polokeho ea likepe ka kakaretso lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ho feta moo, SOLAS e khothalletsa tšebelisano-'moho har'a linaha tseo e leng litho le mekhatlo ea machaba ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso e ts'oanang le e tsitsitseng ea litekanyetso tsa polokeho ea likepe. IMO e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nolofatseng lipuisano, ho arolelana mekhoa e metle, le ho nts'etsapele litataiso le liphetoho ho boloka SOLAS e le nakong le indasteri ea likepe e ntseng e fetoha.
Qetellong,Polokeho ea Bophelo Leoatleng (SOLAS) Kopano ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho netefatsa polokeho le tšireletso ea likepe le basesisi ba likepe lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka ho theha maemo a felletseng a polokeho, ho sebetsana le mekhoa ea karabelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso, le ho netefatsa litsamaiso tse sebetsang tsa puisano le tsamaiso ea likepe, SOLAS e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotseng likotsi tsa likepe, ho sireletsa maphelo le ho boloka tikoloho ea likepe. Ka tšebelisano-'moho e tsoelang pele le ho latela melao, SOLAS e tsoela pele ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho fetoha ho fihlela liphephetso tse lulang li fetoha tsa indasteri ea likepe ea lefats'e.
Nako ea poso: Phato-09-2023
