I tēnei ao e hono tonu ana, he mea nui te mahi a te hokohoko ā-ao ki te whakatipu i te ōhanga. Heoi anō, he mea nui tonu te haumaru me te tūpato o ngā kaipuke. Hei aro atu ki ēnei āwangawanga me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea i te moana, i whakaurua e te International Maritime Organization (IMO) te Te Haumaru o te Oranga ki te Moana (SOLAS)te huihuinga. I roto i tēnei pou rangitaki, ka rukuhia e tātou ngā tikanga o te huihuinga SOLAS, tōna hiranga, me pēhea hoki e whakarite ai i te haumaru o ngā kaipuke me ō rātou kaimahi. Nō reira, kia tīmata tātou i tēnei haerenga kia mārama ai ki te hiranga o SOLAS.
1. Te Mārama ki a SOLAS
Ko te kawenata Haumaru o te Oranga ki te Moana (SOLAS) he tiriti moana o te ao e whakatakoto ana i ngā paerewa haumaru iti rawa mō ngā kaipuke me ngā tikanga tuku kaipuke. I whakaaetia tuatahitia i te tau 1914 i muri i te totohu o te RMS Titanic, ā, i whakahoutia te SOLAS i ngā wā maha i roto i ngā tau, me te whakatikatika hou, SOLAS 1974, i whai mana i te tau 1980. Ko te whāinga o te kawenata he whakarite i te haumaru o ngā oranga ki te moana, te haumaru o ngā kaipuke, me te haumaru o ngā taonga i runga i te kaipuke.
I raro i te SOLAS, me tutuki e ngā kaipuke ētahi paearu e pā ana ki te hanganga, ngā taputapu, me te whakahaere. Ka hipokina e ia te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga haumaru, tae atu ki ngā tikanga mō te ārai wai, te haumaru ahi, te whakatere, ngā whakawhitiwhiti reo irirangi, ngā taputapu whakaora ora, me te whakahaere utanga. Ka whakahaua hoki e te SOLAS ngā tirotiro me ngā rangahau auau hei whakarite kia mau tonu te tutuki i ngā paerewa o te kawenata.
2.Te Hiranga o SOLAS
Kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te hiranga o te SOLAS. Mā te whakatū i tētahi anga whānui mō te haumaru moana, ka whakarite a SOLAS kia rite ngā waka ki te aro atu ki ngā momo wero, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, ngā aituā, me ngā tūmomo whakawehi kaiwhakatuma. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea e kawe ana te umanga kaipuke i te 80% o ngā taonga o te ao, nō reira he mea nui te tiaki i ngā waka, ngā utanga, me te mea nui rawa atu, te oranga o ngā kaihōpara moana.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga nui o SOLAS ko tōna arotahi ki ngā taputapu whakaora ora me ngā tikanga ohorere. Me whai waka whakaora, waka whakatere, me ngā koti whakaora ngā kaipuke, me ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pono hoki hei tono āwhina i ngā wā ohorere. He mea nui te whakahaere i ngā whakangungu auau me te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi mō ngā tikanga urupare ohorere kia tere ai te mahi whakaora me te whai hua i roto i te wā tika me te whai hua i roto i te wā ohorere.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, e hiahiatia ana e SOLAS kia whai mahere haumaru moana taipitopito, whakahoutia hoki ngā kaipuke katoa, tae atu ki ngā mahi hei whakaiti me te ārai i te parahanga mai i ngā mahi a te kaipuke. Ko tēnei whakapau kaha ki te tiaki i ngā rauropi moana me te whakaiti i te pānga taiao o te kaipuke e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga whanaketanga tauwhiro whānui a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao.
E whakanui ana hoki a SOLAS i te hiranga o ngā pūnaha whakatere me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua. He mea nui ngā taputapu whakatere hiko, pērā i ngā Pūnaha Tūnga Ao (GPS), te radar, me ngā Pūnaha Tautuhi Aunoa (AIS), kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere kaipuke te neke haumaru me te karo i ngā tukinga. Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, mā ngā ture pakari mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo irirangi ka whakarite kia whai hua, kia tere hoki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā kaipuke me ngā mana whakahaere moana, kia tere ai te urupare ki ngā āhuatanga ohorere, kia pai ake ai hoki te haumaru moana whānui.
3.Te Whakatutukitanga me te Whakatinanatanga
Hei whakarite i te whakatinanatanga whai hua o ngā paerewa SOLAS, ko ngā whenua haki te kawenga mō te whakatinana i te kawenata ki ngā kaipuke e rere ana i tā rātou haki. Me whakaputa e rātou he tiwhikete haumaru hei manatoko kei te tutuki i te kaipuke ngā whakaritenga haumaru katoa kua whakarārangihia i roto i te SOLAS. Hei tāpiri, me whakahaere e ngā whenua haki ngā tirotiro auau hei whakarite kia mau tonu te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te whakatika wawe i ngā hapa.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka whakaritea e te SOLAS te pūnaha Mana Whakahaere o te Tauranga Whenua (PSC), e taea ai e ngā mana whakahaere tauranga te tirotiro i ngā kaipuke o tāwāhi hei manatoko i tā rātou tutuki i ngā paerewa SOLAS. Mēnā kāore te kaipuke e tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru e hiahiatia ana, ka taea te pupuri, te aukati rānei i te rere kia whakatikatikaina rā anō ngā hapa. Ka āwhina tēnei pūnaha ki te whakaiti i ngā mahi tuku kaipuke iti iho i te paerewa me te whakapakari i te haumaru moana whānui puta noa i te ao.
Heoi anō, ka akiaki a SOLAS i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā whenua mema me ngā whakahaere o te ao ki te whakatairanga i te whakamahinga ōrite me te pumau o ngā paerewa haumaru moana. He mea nui te mahi a te IMO ki te whakahaere i ngā kōrero, te whakapuaki i ngā mahi pai, me te whakawhanake i ngā aratohu me ngā whakatikatika hei pupuri i a SOLAS kia hou tonu ki te ahumahi moana e whanake haere ana.
Hei whakamutunga, ko teTe Haumaru o te Oranga ki te Moana (SOLAS) He wāhanga matua te kawenata hei whakarite i te haumaru me te tūpato o ngā kaipuke me ngā kaiurungi moana puta noa i te ao. Mā te whakatū i ngā paerewa haumaru whānui, te aro ki ngā kawa urupare ohorere, me te whakarite i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakatere whai hua, he mahi nui tā SOLAS ki te whakaiti i ngā aituā moana, te tiaki i ngā oranga, me te tiaki i te taiao moana. Mā te mahi tahi me te tutuki tonu i ngā whakaritenga, ka haere tonu a SOLAS ki te urutau me te whanake hei whakatutuki i ngā wero e huri haere tonu ana o te umanga kaipuke o te ao.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-09-2023
